Melbourne High School originally opened in 1905 at the top of Spring Street (where the Australasian College of Surgeons building is now located). The school was co-educational and was the first state secondary school in Victoria. It was originally named the Melbourne Continuation School. The intention was to cover the gap between state schools (which may have had classes up to year 8) and the University of Melbourne, hence the expression ‘Continuation’. Prior to 1905, post year 8 or secondary education was the sole domain of private church schools.

The Melbourne High School Archives Room is located at the top of the tower and was named after John Elden in 2006. John had an unbroken link with the school from 1932 until his death in 2010. John collected a great deal of material over many years and wrote several unpublished books on topics related to the school.

The Archive holds student academic records (1905–1996), photographs, magazines, books (by current and former staff and students) as well as memorabilia and uniforms. The original Melbourne High magazine was called OURS and was first published in 1907. The last edition was published in 1927. The following year, the new magazine The Unicorn was published. This magazine continues to be published annually. In 1988, the weekly school newsletter was first published as the regular communication to parents and students. This newsletter was called OURS, in recognition of the earlier magazine.

Researchers are welcome to visit the Archive Room, but an appointment is necessary.​